Phonology

Sound inventory and phonological rules

29 consonants
21 vowels

Consonant Inventory

MannerBilabialLabiodentalDentalAlveolarPostalveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarUvularPharyngealGlottal
Plosive
pb
·
·
td
·
·
c
kɡ
q
·
ʔ
Nasal
m
·
·
n
·
·
ɲ
·
·
·
·
Trill
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
ʢ
·
Fricative
·
fv
θ
sz
ʃʒ
ʂ
·
ɣ
·
ħ
h
Approximant
·
·
·
ɹ
·
·
j
w
·
·
·
Lateral approximant
·
·
·
ɫ
·
·
·
·
·
·
·

Vowel Inventory

HeightFrontCentralBack
Close
iy
ɨ
ɯu
Near-close
ɪ
··
Close-mid
e
ɵ
ɤo
Mid··
Open-mid
ɛœ
ɜ
ʌɔ
Near-open
æ
ɐ
·
Open
a
ä
ɑ

Phoneme Frequency

Distribution of phonemes across 233 transcribed dictionary entries (1,271 total tokens)

//
142 (11.2%)
//
125 (9.8%)
/ʌ/
84 (6.6%)
/l/
83 (6.5%)
/ɹ/
75 (5.9%)
/d/
53 (4.2%)
/ɛ/
49 (3.9%)
/t/
46 (3.6%)
/n/
46 (3.6%)
/j/
41 (3.2%)
//
41 (3.2%)
/ɪ/
40 (3.1%)
/f/
37 (2.9%)
/m/
35 (2.8%)
/p/
33 (2.6%)
/c/
31 (2.4%)
/v/
29 (2.3%)
/o/
25 (2%)
/h/
23 (1.8%)
/ɡ/
23 (1.8%)
/ʃ/
19 (1.5%)
/s/
18 (1.4%)
//
18 (1.4%)
//
18 (1.4%)
/q/
17 (1.3%)
/ɔ/
14 (1.1%)
/b/
14 (1.1%)
/ʒ/
12 (0.9%)
/ħ/
8 (0.6%)
//
7 (0.6%)