Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
22 consonants
7 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pb | · | td | · | ʈɖ | · | kg | · | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | · | n | · | ɳ | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Trill | · | · | r | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Tap/Flap | · | · | ɾ | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Fricative | · | · | s | ɕʑ | ʂ | · | · | ɦ | ||||||||
| Approximant | · | ʋ | · | · | · | j | · | · | ||||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | · | l | · | ɭ | · | · | · | ||||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | · | u |
| Near-close | ɪ | · | · |
| Close-mid | e | · | o |
| Mid | · | ə | · |
| Near-open | · | ɐ | · |
Phonological Rules
/n/ → [ŋ]/ _k, g
Phoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 225 transcribed dictionary entries (1,225 total tokens)
/ə/
181 (14.8%)
/d/
71 (5.8%)
/u/
68 (5.6%)
/ɾ/
68 (5.6%)
/i/
61 (5%)
/n/
60 (4.9%)
/m/
57 (4.7%)
/t/
53 (4.3%)
/ɕ/
48 (3.9%)
/ʂ/
48 (3.9%)
/k/
44 (3.6%)
/j/
42 (3.4%)
/ɐː/
38 (3.1%)
/iː/
38 (3.1%)
/l/
34 (2.8%)
/ʋ/
32 (2.6%)
/r̩/
28 (2.3%)
/ɦ/
27 (2.2%)
/ə́/
24 (2%)
/s/
23 (1.9%)
/ʈ/
19 (1.6%)
/b/
18 (1.5%)
/ə̀/
15 (1.2%)
/ɭ/
14 (1.1%)
/kʰ/
14 (1.1%)
/uː/
14 (1.1%)
/g/
10 (0.8%)
/ɖ/
9 (0.7%)
/ɪ́/
9 (0.7%)
/tʰ/
8 (0.7%)