Phonology

Sound inventory and phonological rules

23 consonants
6 vowels

Consonant Inventory

MannerBilabialLabiodentalAlveolarPostalveolarPalatalVelar
Plosive
pb
·
td
·
·
kg
Nasal
m
·
n
·
ɲ
·
Trill
·
·
r
·
·
·
Tap/Flap
·
·
ɾ
·
·
·
Fricative
·
fv
sz
ʃʒ
·
x
Affricate
·
·
·
·
·
Approximant
·
·
·
·
j
w
Lateral approximant
·
·
l
·
·
·

Vowel Inventory

HeightFrontCentralBack
Close
i
·
u
Close-mid
e
·
o
Mid·
ə
·
Open
a
··

Syllable Structure

(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)

Phonological Rules

/e/ -> [ɛ]/_C$, _CC$, _CCC$
/o/ -> [ɔ]/_C$, _CC$, _CCC$
/n/ -> [ŋ]/_k, _g
/x/ -> [ɣ]/V_V, _#

Phoneme Frequency

Distribution of phonemes across 284 transcribed dictionary entries (934 total tokens)

/a/
144 (15.4%)
/i/
111 (11.9%)
/n/
72 (7.7%)
/ə/
64 (6.9%)
/k/
53 (5.7%)
/u/
48 (5.1%)
/m/
47 (5%)
/v/
45 (4.8%)
/j/
42 (4.5%)
/p/
40 (4.3%)
/l/
37 (4%)
/e/
36 (3.9%)
/o/
35 (3.7%)
/ʒ/
27 (2.9%)
/w/
25 (2.7%)
/b/
25 (2.7%)
/ʃ/
23 (2.5%)
/f/
23 (2.5%)
/ɲ/
21 (2.2%)
/g/
14 (1.5%)
/x/
2 (0.2%)