Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
29 consonants
9 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pb | · | td | · | ʈɖ | · | kg | ʔ | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | · | n | · | ɳ | · | ŋ | · | ||||||||
| Tap/Flap | · | · | ɾ | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Fricative | · | fv | sz | ʃʒ | ʂʐ | · | xɣ | h | ||||||||
| Approximant | · | · | ɹ | · | · | j | w | · | ||||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | · | l | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | iy | ɨ | u |
| Close-mid | e | · | o |
| Mid | · | · | o̞ |
| Open-mid | ɛ | · | · |
| Open | a | · | · |
Phoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 936 transcribed dictionary entries (6,753 total tokens)
/ɨ/
1,683 (24.9%)
/a/
547 (8.1%)
/e/
383 (5.7%)
/i/
375 (5.6%)
/u/
372 (5.5%)
/l/
281 (4.2%)
/p/
268 (4%)
/k/
266 (3.9%)
/n/
264 (3.9%)
/t/
256 (3.8%)
/m/
254 (3.8%)
/ʂ/
252 (3.7%)
/s/
219 (3.2%)
/ʈ/
218 (3.2%)
/ɳ/
97 (1.4%)
/x/
93 (1.4%)
/ʐ/
93 (1.4%)
/w/
92 (1.4%)
/ɖ/
89 (1.3%)
/h/
89 (1.3%)
/ŋ/
88 (1.3%)
/f/
87 (1.3%)
/d/
87 (1.3%)
/b/
85 (1.3%)
/j/
81 (1.2%)
/z/
52 (0.8%)
/ɣ/
43 (0.6%)
/g/
38 (0.6%)
/ʔ/
1 (0%)