Paradigm Tables
Morphological patterns, declensions, and conjugations for Lóina
Adjective Grades of Comparison (Typical)
The second set of flexions exists as a result of phonetic dissimilation (l>v)
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative | Augmentative ("very") | Excessive ("too") | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexions | -in | -(i)l | -(e)len | -inig | -lig |
Adjective Grades of Comparison (L-Stem)
The second set of flexions exists as a result of phonetic dissimilation (l>v)
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative | Augmentative ("very") | Excessive ("too") | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexions | -in | -(i)v | -(e)ven | -inig | -vig |
Pronouns
[¹] Elided form allowed when no cluster of three consonants or longer emerges.
[²] Elided form allowed when a preceding word end with a vowel or a glide [j]
[³] Elided form allowed when a preceding form engs with a glide [j]. When the word ends with a vowel, "ig" is used, but pronounced as [jg]
| Personal Pronoun | Personal Pronoun (with direct object preposition) | Possessive Pronoun | Enclitic Possessive Pronoun | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sg. | li | toy li (t'li)¹ | li | il (l)² |
| 1st. pl. excl. | stoy | toy stoy | stoy | stoy |
| 1st. pl. incl. | la | toy la (t'la)¹ | la | la |
| 2nd. sg. | ig | t'ig | ig (g)³ | ig |
| 2nd. pl. | ga | t'iga | ga | iga |
| 3rd. sg. masc. | éi | t'éi | éi | éi |
| 3rd. sg. fem. | ía | t'ía | ía | ía |
| 3rd. sg. inanimate | o | t'o | o | o |
| 3rd. pl. masc. | éia | t'éia | éia | éia |
| 3rd. pl. fem. | i | t'i | i | i |
| 3 pl. pl. inanimate. | óia | t'óia | óia | óia |
| 3rd. pl. non gender-specific | iés | toy iés (t'iés) | iés | iés |
Noun Plurals
[¹] If a noun ends with y or oy, it gets replaced with i and stressed -a flexion is added
| Pluralv flexion | |
|---|---|
| Consonant-ending stem or dyphthong-ending stem ([j] glide) | -a |
| -a, -o, -e, -u | -i |
| -y, -oy, -i | -á |
Short Verb (eir)
Short verb is a verb with a root with no vowels (with one consonant, basically). Examples are: meir, teir (m-eir, t-eir). Verbs like these use a prefix and a suffix to form Past Tense (in any mood).
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Indicative Past | i-...-t | i-...-e |
| Indicative Present | -i | -il |
| Indicative Future | -el | -el |
| Subjunctive Past | i-...-ize | i-...-irze |
| Subjunctive-Imperative Present | -iv | -ils |
| Subjunctive-Imperative Future | -iz | -iz |
| Irreal Past | i-...-iát | i-...-iár |
| Irreal Present-Future | -a | -am |
| Conditional Present | -o | -om |
| Conditional Future | -eiól | -eiól |
| Negative Conditional II and Negative Imperative II | par + inf. | par + inf. |
Short Verb (ir)
Short verb is a verb with a root with no vowels (with one consonant, basically). Examples are: mir, sir (m-ir, s-ir). Verbs like these use a prefix and a suffix to form Past Tense (in any mood).
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Indicative Past | e-...-t | e-...-e |
| Indicative Present | -e | -em |
| Indicative Future | -íu | -im |
| Subjunctive Past | e-...-eze | e-...-erze |
| Subjunctive-Imperative Present | -ev | -ems |
| Subjunctive-Imperative Future | -ez | -ez |
| Irreal Past | e-...-iát | e-...-iár |
| Irreal Present-Future | -a | -am |
| Conditional Present | -o | -om |
| Conditional Future | -ió | -ióm |
| Negative Conditional II and Negative Imperative II | par + inf. | par + inf. |
Long Verb (eir)
A long verb is a verb with a root of at least one syllable with no flexion, for example: oykleir (oykl-eir).
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Indicative Past | -it | -ire |
| Indicative Present | -i | -il |
| Indicative Future | -el | -el |
| Subjunctive Past | -ize | -irze |
| Subjunctive-Imperative Present | -iv | -ils |
| Subjunctive-Imperative Future | -ez | -ez |
| Irreal Past | -at | -ar |
| Irreal Present-Future | -á | -am |
| Conditional Present | -ó | _ol |
| Conditional Future | -eiól | -eiól |
| Negative Conditional II and Negative Imperative II | par + inf. | par + inf. |
Long Verb (ir)
A long verb is a verb with a root of at least one syllable with no flexion, for example: tishir (tish-ir).
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Indicative Past | -et | -ere |
| Indicative Present | -e | -em |
| Indicative Future | -íu | -im |
| Subjunctive Past | -eze | -erze |
| Subjunctive-Imperative Present | -ev | -ems |
| Subjunctive-Imperative Future | -iz | -iz |
| Irreal Past | -at | -ar |
| Irreal Present-Future | -á | -am |
| Conditional Present | -ó | -om |
| Conditional Future | -ió | -ióm |
| Negative Conditional II and Negative Imperative II | par + inf. | par + inf. |