Paradigm Tables
Morphological patterns, declensions, and conjugations for Lemdžœsi
Verbal Morphology
Imperative verbs receive no ending. For participles, use the adjectivizer plus adjective ending.
| Past | Recent Past | Present | Future | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perfective | fe, fa | se, sa | te, ta | he, ha |
| Imperfective | pe, pa | se, sa | te, ta | ke, ka |
| Habitual | p̌e, p̌a | tše, tša | tše, tša | kel, kal |
Articular Morphology
| Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive | Locative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proper | džin | tšin | dan | tan | džen |
| Definite | em | am | en | el | an |
| Indefinite | p̌e | pa | ka | tše | ta |
Pronoun Endings
| Ending | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | -∅ |
| Vocative | -∅ |
| Accusitive | -m |
| Dative | -l |
| Genitive | -r |
| Locative | -n |
Pronominal Morphology
| Singular | Dual | Paucal | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | dži | du | du | du |
| 2nd Informal | le | lœ | la | la |
| 2nd Formal | lo | lo | lo | lo |
| 3rd Animate | tši | tšy | tə | tu |
| 3rd Inanimate | w̌e | w̌œ | wa | wo |
Nominal Morphology
Nouns inflect for case and number with a suffix. The nominative suffixes lose their onsets when attaching to words that end in a consonant.
Vocative nouns receive no ending.
| Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive | Locative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | (n)i,(n)ə | si,sə | ti,tə | fi,fə | pi,pə |
| Dual | (n)e,(n)a | se,sa | te,ta | fe,fa | pe,pa |
| Paucal | (ň)œ,(ň)o | šœ,šo | tšœ,tšo | f̌œ,f̌o | p̌œ,p̌o |
| Plural | (ň)y,(ň)u | šy,šu | tšy,tšu | f̌y,f̌u | p̌y,p̌u |