Phonology
Sound inventory and phonological rules
21 consonants
8 vowels
Consonant Inventory
| Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | pb | · | td | · | · | kg | · | · | ||||||||
| Nasal | m | · | n | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Trill | · | · | r | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Fricative | · | fv | sz | ɕʒ | · | · | χ | h | ||||||||
| Affricate | · | · | · | dʒ | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Approximant | · | · | · | · | j | · | · | · | ||||||||
| Lateral approximant | · | · | l | · | · | · | · | · | ||||||||
Vowel Inventory
| Height | Front | Central | Back |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | · | ɯu |
| Close-mid | e | · | o |
| Mid | · | ə | · |
| Open | a | · | ɑ |
Syllable Structure
CVC. VCV.Phonological Rules
dž → ʤ aa → ɑ
Phoneme Frequency
Distribution of phonemes across 1000 transcribed dictionary entries (6,197 total tokens)
/a/
805 (13%)
/r/
505 (8.1%)
/u/
424 (6.8%)
/l/
388 (6.3%)
/n/
387 (6.2%)
/o/
380 (6.1%)
/f/
338 (5.5%)
/ə/
326 (5.3%)
/t/
323 (5.2%)
/i/
321 (5.2%)
/k/
292 (4.7%)
/s/
240 (3.9%)
/e/
189 (3%)
/z/
167 (2.7%)
/d/
162 (2.6%)
/p/
161 (2.6%)
/ʃ/
160 (2.6%)
/m/
158 (2.5%)
/v/
116 (1.9%)
/b/
66 (1.1%)
/ʒ/
66 (1.1%)
/ɕ/
56 (0.9%)
/h/
53 (0.9%)
/g/
46 (0.7%)
/ɯ/
38 (0.6%)
/j/
17 (0.3%)
/χ/
13 (0.2%)