Phonology

Sound inventory and phonological rules

12 consonants
7 vowels

Consonant Inventory

MannerBilabialAlveolarUvularGlottal
Plosive
p
t
q
ʔ
Nasal
m
n
·
·
Trill
ʙ
r
ʀ
·
Fricative
ɸ
s
·
h

Vowel Inventory

HeightFrontCentralBack
Close
i
·
u
Close-mid
e
·
o
Mid·
ə
·
Open-mid··
ɔ
Open
a
··

Syllable Structure

(C)(C)V(N) - C = consonant, V = vowel, N = nasal consonant, () = optional

Phonological Rules

/p/→[b] / V_V
/t/→[d] / V_V
/q/→[ɢ] / V_V
/ɸ/→[β] / V_V
/s/→[z] / V_V
/ʀ̥/→[ʀ] / V_V
/B/→[bʷ] / V_V
/n/→[N] / _q
/u/→[ɯ] / m_
/u/→[ɯ] / b_
/u/→[ɯ] / bb_
/u/→[ɯ] / f_
/o/→[ɤ] / m_
/o/→[ɤ] / b_
/o/→[ɤ] / bb_
/o/→[ɤ] / f_
/ɔ/→[ʌ] / m_
/ɔ/→[ʌ] / b_
/ɔ/→[ʌ] / bb_
/ɔ/→[ʌ] / f_

Phoneme Frequency

Distribution of phonemes across 50 transcribed dictionary entries (130 total tokens)

/i/
14 (10.8%)
/a/
11 (8.5%)
/in/
9 (6.9%)
/m/
8 (6.2%)
/n/
8 (6.2%)
/t/
7 (5.4%)
/s/
7 (5.4%)
/o/
7 (5.4%)
/qʰ/
6 (4.6%)
/u/
6 (4.6%)
/ə/
5 (3.8%)
/tʰ/
4 (3.1%)
/p/
4 (3.1%)
/e/
4 (3.1%)
/ɔ/
3 (2.3%)
/ɸ/
3 (2.3%)
/r/
3 (2.3%)
/h/
3 (2.3%)
/om/
2 (1.5%)
/ʔ/
2 (1.5%)
/an/
2 (1.5%)
/əm/
1 (0.8%)
/q/
1 (0.8%)
/ʙ/
1 (0.8%)
/pʰ/
1 (0.8%)
/ɔn/
1 (0.8%)
/um/
1 (0.8%)
/em/
1 (0.8%)
/im/
1 (0.8%)
/am/
1 (0.8%)