Phonology

Sound inventory and phonological rules

21 consonants
12 vowels

Consonant Inventory

MannerBilabialLabiodentalAlveolarPostalveolarRetroflexPalatalVelarUvularPharyngeal
Plosive
pb
·
td
·
ɖ
·
kg
·
·
Nasal
m
·
n
·
·
·
·
·
·
Fricative
·
f
s
ʒ
·
·
·
χʁ
ħ
Affricate
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Approximant
·
·
·
·
·
ɥ
w
·
·
Lateral approximant
·
·
l
·
·
·
·
·
·

Vowel Inventory

HeightFrontCentralBack
Close
iy
·
u
Close-mid
eø
·
o
Mid·
ə
·
Open-mid
ɛ
·
ɔ
Open
aɶ
·
ɑ

Syllable Structure

CV(V)

Phoneme Frequency

Distribution of phonemes across 259 transcribed dictionary entries (968 total tokens)

/u/
89 (9.2%)
/s/
61 (6.3%)
/o/
58 (6%)
/ɖ/
55 (5.7%)
/a/
54 (5.6%)
/k/
48 (5%)
/ʁ/
47 (4.9%)
/ʒ/
45 (4.6%)
/ɔ̃/
43 (4.4%)
/i/
39 (4%)
/j/
38 (3.9%)
/t/
33 (3.4%)
/e/
32 (3.3%)
/n/
29 (3%)
/ɛ̃/
28 (2.9%)
/ɛ/
25 (2.6%)
/b/
24 (2.5%)
/ħ/
23 (2.4%)
/χ/
19 (2%)
/f/
19 (2%)
/ɶ/
19 (2%)
/ø/
18 (1.9%)
/wa/
18 (1.9%)
/l/
13 (1.3%)
/m/
11 (1.1%)
/wi/
11 (1.1%)
/ɥ/
11 (1.1%)
/ɑ̃/
10 (1%)
/p/
10 (1%)
/ə/
9 (0.9%)