Phonology

Sound inventory and phonological rules

22 consonants
7 vowels

Consonant Inventory

MannerBilabialLabiodentalDentalAlveolarPostalveolarPalatalVelarUvularGlottal
Plosive
b
·
·
td
·
c
g
q
·
Nasal
m
·
·
n
·
·
ŋ
·
·
Tap/Flap
·
·
·
ɺ
·
·
·
·
·
Fricative
ɸ
v
θ
sz
ʃʒ
·
x
·
hɦ
Lateral fricative
·
·
·
ɬ
·
·
·
·
·
Approximant
·
·
·
·
·
j
·
·
·

Vowel Inventory

HeightFrontCentralBack
Close
i
ʉ
·
Close-mid
e
·
ɤo
Open-mid·
ɜ
·
Open
a
··

Syllable Structure

(C)V(C)(C)

Phonological Rules

/s/ -> [s] / V_i
/s/ -> [h] / V_V
/ds/ -> [sː]
/n/ -> [ŋ] / _k

Phoneme Frequency

Distribution of phonemes across 389 transcribed dictionary entries (2,118 total tokens)

/a/
317 (15%)
/ʉ/
223 (10.5%)
/ɜ/
143 (6.8%)
/ɺ/
136 (6.4%)
/o/
126 (5.9%)
/i/
125 (5.9%)
/t/
106 (5%)
/c/
100 (4.7%)
/n/
92 (4.3%)
/ɬ/
81 (3.8%)
/q/
72 (3.4%)
/m/
71 (3.4%)
/v/
70 (3.3%)
/ɸ/
65 (3.1%)
/d/
52 (2.5%)
/θ/
50 (2.4%)
/s/
48 (2.3%)
/x/
36 (1.7%)
/ɤ/
35 (1.7%)
/z/
32 (1.5%)
/e/
31 (1.5%)
/j/
30 (1.4%)
/ɦ/
29 (1.4%)
/ʃ/
25 (1.2%)
/ʒ/
23 (1.1%)