Phonology

Sound inventory and phonological rules

24 consonants
7 vowels

Consonant Inventory

MannerBilabialLabiodentalAlveolarPostalveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosive
pb
·
td
·
ɟ
kg
ʔ
Nasal
m
·
n
·
ɲ
ŋ
·
Tap/Flap
·
·
ɾ
·
·
·
·
Fricative
·
v
sz
ʃʒ
·
x
h
Approximant
·
·
·
·
j
w
·
Lateral approximant
·
·
l
·
ʎ
·
·

Vowel Inventory

HeightFrontCentralBack
Close
i
·
u
Near-close
ɪ
··
Mid
··
Open-mid··
ɔ
Open
a
·
ɑ

Syllable Structure

(C)V(C)(C)

Phoneme Frequency

Distribution of phonemes across 638 transcribed dictionary entries (3,099 total tokens)

/a/
500 (16.1%)
//
263 (8.5%)
/k/
211 (6.8%)
/i/
183 (5.9%)
/u/
177 (5.7%)
/n/
173 (5.6%)
/ɾ/
152 (4.9%)
/t/
134 (4.3%)
/s/
133 (4.3%)
/d/
113 (3.6%)
/ɔ/
101 (3.3%)
/m/
85 (2.7%)
/ɪ/
82 (2.6%)
/ɑ/
81 (2.6%)
/v/
67 (2.2%)
/g/
67 (2.2%)
/p/
60 (1.9%)
/x/
58 (1.9%)
/l/
57 (1.8%)
/z/
52 (1.7%)
/ʒ/
47 (1.5%)
/w/
45 (1.5%)
/ʔ/
41 (1.3%)
/ʃ/
38 (1.2%)
/b/
36 (1.2%)
/h/
32 (1%)
/ɟ/
31 (1%)
/ʎ/
30 (1%)
/j/
27 (0.9%)
/ɲ/
16 (0.5%)